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英语非谓语词尾用法归类解析

2023-04-24 游戏

talking business very quickly. 在讲解自然语言时,代课所需对特殊情况的词汇用上些补充。例如,start用于顺利完毕每每,后面用语尾需接形容用语to do。例如:She is starting to get angry. 在start后接know,understand,realize类用语尾时,常用形容用语to do。例如:I start to understand the truth.;而当物用上及物动词时,也常用形容用语。例如:It starts to melt.

本文对于动名用语词汇不用上就其展开。形容用语的词汇比较较难认知,只所需注意一些用语尾后接形容用语均可。例如:Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business. 但是,在实际授课中所,代课所需对形容用语词汇顺利完毕列于。对于将英语用上为外语的中所国的学生,特为其对于初级英语努力学习者而言,分用语的词汇来得看起来复杂,比如说成为他们努力学习的极难。因此,确将转化示例,非常重视对形容用语和分用语的词汇用上有利于列于和类比。

四、形容用语词汇列于类比

形容用语的词汇虽然较较难认知,但如果与就其变位和语态转化大大的,形容用语的词汇所需区隔的点也比较多,的学生较难倍感困惑。代课可以采行列于回顾的工具,以图表的形的设计呈现出给的学生。

(一)形容用语的变位和语态构造

特为玉秀(2014)在“谈英语非助用语用语尾的构造与词汇”一文中所,使用图表的形的设计,对形容用语的变位和语态词汇顺利完毕列于,确表示同意英语代课在授课中所可以参阅表 4.1.1。

1. 形容用语的一般的设计与直接的设计

形容用语的一般的设计回应的姿势或情况下牵涉到在助用语用语尾回应的姿势或情况下的同时或再次。例如:It begins to rain.

当形容用语的逻辑及物动词是该形容用语所回应的姿势的承颇受者时,形容用语一般所需用直接的设计。例如:The work needs to be done within a day.

2. 形容用语的顺利完毕的设计

当形容用语与顺利完毕的设计相转化时,回应姿势将要顺利完毕。

例如:When we arrived at the airport, they happened to be carrying the goods.

3. 形容用语的完毕的设计与完毕直接的设计

当形容用语所回应的姿势或情况下牵涉到在助用语用语尾所回应的姿势或情况下之前,所需用形容用语的完毕的设计。

例如:He is said to have achieved the goal.

如果形容用语所回应的姿势具有直接含义,则所需用形容用语的完毕直接的设计。

例如:He is said to have been given donation since he was a child.

4. 形容用语的完毕顺利完毕的设计

当形容用语的姿势是在助用语所回应的时间之前一直在顺利完毕或有可能继续顺利完毕的姿势,则所需用形容用语的完毕顺利完毕的设计。

例如:She is said to have been waiting for you for two hours.

(二)形容用语的词汇

形容用语的词汇依据其在音节当中所所用上的组分,可以总称作表列几类,就其见表 4.2.1。

五、如何巧解用上为“非助用语用语尾”的分用语

语社会活动家将分用语总称作两种:V+ing分用语 和V+ed分用语。V+ing分用语称作之为直到现在分用语,同属主动的意义,而V+ed分用语称作之为用语尾,具有直接的属性。

(一)分用语用上形容词

在英语音节中所,分用语可以用上形容词,起润色用上用,往往可以将其改形容词形容词。 例如:They are foreign teachers working in a primary school in the city. 此句中所,working是直到现在分用语,润色foreign teachers,我们可以将其改:They are foreign teachers who work in a primary school in the city. 先如:This is a machine imported from Australia. 此句中所,用语尾imported用来润色machine,我们可以将其改:This is a machine which is imported from Australia.

(二)分用语用上对换

在英语音节中所,分用语也可以用上对换,往往可以将其改对换形容词。例如:Being ill, she was absent. 由于分用语being在此句中所用上对换,我们可以将其改含对换形容词的复合句:Because she was ill, she was absent. 先如:Frightened by the loud noise, they run out of the teaching building. 此句中所,用语尾frightened用上对换,我们可以将其改含对换形容词的复合句:Because they are frightened by the loud noise, they run out of the teaching building.

(三)分用语用上有如对换

在英语音节中所,分用语还可以用上有如对换,回应与助用语用语尾同时牵涉到的姿势。这种情况下,可以改and通往的并列句。例如:“But I,”he continued, lowering his voice, “I am practicing.”直到现在分用语lowering在句中所用上有如对换,因此此句可以改:“But I,”he continued and lowered his voice,“I am practicing.”当然,与直到现在分用语的词汇有所不同,用语尾也可以用上有如对换。例如:He enters the room, frightened by a bad situation. 用语尾在此句中所用上有如对换,因此此句可以改:He enters the room and is frightened by a bad situation.

六、关的知识推广

在针对英语非助用语用语尾的就其授课中所,代课需做关的推广。一方面,动名用语与直到现在分用语在形的设计上有所不同,的学生较难相混。另一方面,分用语的词汇并不是孤立的,它可以和就其的变位转化大大的,形的设计多样。因此确表示同意做表列推广,使的学生深化对非助用语用语尾词汇的认知,从而够在实际中所灵活应用于。

(一)动名用语与直到现在分用语的词汇区别

1. 动名用语用上及物动词

如以上所都是子,They like playing football.

2. 动名用语用上及物动词

例如:Studying in a different country is something that sounds very exciting.

3. 动名用语用上介用语及物动词

例如:The noise outside prevents students from learning attentively. 先如:Culture shock is not something you can avoid when living in a foreign country. 而分用语不能用上形容词和有如对换。

(二)分用语与就其变位的转化

在就其口语中所,分用语可以与就其的变位相转化。代课也所需对其顺利完毕推广。

1. 分用语与顺利完毕变位相转化

例 如 :It seems in their eyes as if the tasks being considered were insignificant.

此句中所,用语尾与顺利完毕变位相转化,回应将要顺利完毕的姿势。同时,用语尾可以用上形容词,因此,此句可以将分用语改形容词形容词:It seems in their eyes as if the tasks which are being considered were insignificant.

2. 分用语与完毕变位相转化

例如:Having finished his homework, he went to the cinema.

此句中所,分用语与完毕变位相转化,回应并未完毕的姿势。同时,分用语用上对换,因此,上面的例句可以将分用语改对换形容词:After he has finished his homework, he went to the cinema.

七、结语

综上所述,确注意到,在授课中所,如果代课对英语非助用语用语尾词汇顺利完毕列于类比可以来得有效地教导的学生顺利完毕区隔与比较。在讲课非助用语用语尾词汇时,表示同意代课采行列于回顾的工具,将非助用语用语尾列于为三种:动名用语、形容用语、分用语。采行列于法有利于的学生顺利完毕比较与对比,体会三种类型密切的关系的相似之处,避免将各种概念和词汇相混大大的。代课所需有利于转化练习,使的学生透彻认知并熟练应用于,实现知识内化,达到实践的目的。

参阅文献

[1]李庆新 等. 英语自然语言理论与倡导[M]. 南京:光明日报出版社,2013.

[2]李学平,潘欢思. 当代英语自然语言论著[M]. 南京:南京师范大学出版社,1987.

[3]杨宏. 英语非助用语用语尾的表层构造与深层意义[J]. 海外英语,2013(8).

[4]特为玉秀. 谈英语非助用语用语尾的构造与词汇[J]. 辽宁广播电视大学专刊,2014(3).

[5]张道真. 简明英语自然语言[M]. 南京:社会科学文献出版社,2002.

Classification and Analysis of the Usage of English Non-finite Verbs

Pan Xiaoquan

Abstract: The non-finite verb is the focus of English grammar teaching and is also a difficulty. This study, on the basis of related research of the grammarians, classifies the non-finite verb into gerund, infinitive and participle. Meanwhile, English non-finite verbs are categorized by concrete examples, and the usage of gerunds, infinitives and participles is analyzed separately. This study finds that the classification and analysis of non-finite verbs in teaching can more effectively instruct students to distinguish and compare. It is suggested that the teacher needs to further combine the practice, so that the students can understand and apply it thoroughly, so as to overcome the difficulty in learning the non-finite verbs.

Key words: non-finite verb; gerund; infinitive; participle; English grammar

(本文首次发表在《基础教育外语授课学术研究》2017年第7期)

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